Prevention of deterioration of cotton cord by heat



Patented Aug. 4, 1936 UNITED STATES PREVENTION OF DETERIORATION OF COTTON CORD BY HEAT Lorin B. Sebrell, Silver Lake, Ohio, assignor to Wingioot Corporation, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware 4 No Drawing. Application March 10, 1932, Serial No. 598,098

2 Claims.

My invention relates to the treatment of cotton cord and to enhance its tensile strength and to enable it to maintain the same at temperatures of the order of those encountered in pneumatic tires under service conditions. The invention includes the method of treatment and the treate cotton material.

It has been observed heretofore that cords and threads, especially those prepared from cotton fibers, exhibit under X-rays a definite pattern associated with the molecular structure of the cotton. when subjected to moderate temperatures, for example, 250 degrees F., a molecular rearrangement occurs which causes the pattern to disappear, such rearrangement being accompanied by premature loss of strength and resultant failure of the cord or thread upon the application of relatively small tensional forces. Upon cooling, the major portion of the original strength is regained.

This loss of strength at high temperatures is I particularly objectionable in cords employed in the construction of pneumatic tires, because much heat is developed in the latter when run at high speeds. In truck and bus tires, the temperatures sometimes reach values in excess of 250 degrees F. As a result, the cords of which the tire carcasses are composed and which normally are the principal tension resisting elements in the tire are so weakened that premature ruptures or blowouts tend to occur.

My invention resides in the discovery that ordinary cotton cords, threads, filaments, etc., when treated with reagents of the type herein described, continue to produce a definite X-ray pattern at temperatures materially above that at which the pattern normally vanishes. Such treated cords also possess substantially greater tensile strength at ordinary temperatures and Phthalic acid Tannic acid Gallic acid Acetic acid Phenol Cresol Hydroquinone p-Hydroxy diphenyl p-Nitroso phenol Pyrogallol Butyraidehyde Benzaldehyde Crotonaldehyde Heptaldehyde Aldol aldehyde Furfuraldehyde Fbrmaldehyde The results obtained with these compounds may be tabulated as follows:

Chemica Chemical treatment Tensiles 0! treated Tensiles oi raw cord cord 260 F. 75 F. 250 F. 76 F.

Phthalic acid.

1 Tsnnic acid (o) 3 3 hrs. in 10% phthalic acid in alcohol at 0., allowed to stand in liquid 8431's., dried at room temperature. s. in 10% tannic acid in alcohol Gallic acid Acetic acid at 70 0., allowed to stand in liquid 18%., dried at room temperature.

(b) 2 in 20% tannic acid in water at 200 F., washed with 20% NAOH, extracted with benzene.

3 hrs. in 10% gallic acid in alcohol at 70 0., allowed to stand in liquid mihrs. dried atroomtemperature (a) re. in 25% acetic acid in water at 70 0., allowed to stand in liquid 18% hrs., dried at room temperature.

(0) 3 hrs. in 25% acetic acid in alcohol at 70" 0., allowed to stand in liquid l8}hrs., dried atroorn temperature.

Chemical Chemical treatment Tensllss of treated Tonsiles of raw cord cord 260 F. 75 F. 250 F. 75 F.

3 hrs. in 20% cresol in alcohol at 70 0., allowed to stand in liquid 18% hrs., dried at room temperature.

3 hrs. in 25% hydroquinone in alcohol at 70 0., allowed to stand in liquid 18% hrs., dried atrooln temperature.

8 hrs. in 25% p-hydrolry diphenyl in alcohol at 70 0., allowed to stand in liquidulgli hrs., dried at room temre 3 rs. in 10% nitroso phenol in aloohcl at 70 allowed to stand in liquid 18% hrs., dried at room temratnro. s. in 25% pyrogsllol in alcohol at 0., allowed to stand in liquid 18% hrs., dried at room temperature. Soaked 22% hrs. in butyrsldehyde at room temperature, heated 4 hrs. in liquid at 70 0., drained, dipped in alcohol, dried. Soaked 22% hrs. in benzaldeh do at room temperature, heated 4 rs. in liquid 1112121110., drained, dipped in alcohol, a

(a) Soaked 22% hrs .in crotonaldehyde at room temperature, heated 4 hrs. in liquid at 70 0., drained, dipped in alcohol, dried.

(b) 2 hrs. in 100127? dibutyl amine st 220: 5., 3 hrs. crotoneldehyde at 240 8 hrs. in 100% dibutyl amine at 218 F. 3 hrs. in 20% crotonsldehyde in alcohol at 112 F.

(a) Soaked 22% hrs. in hepteideh do at room temperature, heated 4 rs. in liquid at 70 0., drained, dipped in alcohol, dried.

. rs. ep e y e c re. a u am nee F. 3 hrs. in 20% heptaldehyde in 74 R, 100% carbon bisulphide.

Booked 22% hrs. in eldol aldehyde at room temperature, heated 4 hrs. in liquid at 70 0., drained, dipped in alcohol, dried.

(a) Soaked 22% hrs. in iuriureldehyde at room temperature, heated 4 hrs. in liquid at 70 0., drained, dipped rs. 11 am e a 108 F., 1 hrs. in 207 iuriureldehyde in alcohol at 174 1*.

(c) 3 hrs. in 100% piperidine at 212 F., 1 hrs. in 20% iuriumldehyde in alcoho at 174 F.

(4216;: 81's. in.100% iurhlmldehyde at (a) Heated gradually 1% hrs. in 0 formaldehyde in water to 719 2% hrs. in liquid at 76 0., dried at room temperature.

(0) 3hrs. iu di-ethanol amine at75 0., dried, 3 hrs. in 40% iormuldehyde in water at 75 0.

(c) 3 hrs. in 40% formaldehyde in water at room temperature, dried, 8 hrs. in di-ethsnol mine at room teml gsturo.

(d) 3 m 40% formaldehyde in aged, 3 hrs. in

Cxesol llydroquinonen p-Hydroxy diphenyl p-Nitroso phenol.-

Pyrogsllol 3 Butyraldehyde Benraldehydm'.

Crotonaldehyde Hepteldehyde Aldol aldehyde Furiuraldehyde Formaldehyde.-

3 hrs. in 25 phenol in water at 131010;], drained, 3 hrs. in 30% formal- (a) 3 hrs. in 207 sodium phenolate d-zisl ed, 3 hrs. in 30% iormaldehydli a (112,03 hrs. in 85% diethyl mine at iling point. 3 hrs. in 30% formaldehyde at 90 0.

In these tests, samples of cord were treated with the several reagents mentioned, after which one set of samples was tested for tensile strength at normal or approximately room temperatures and at 34 percent relative humidity. The second set of samples was then subjected to tests identical with those conducted upon the first set, except that the temperature was maintained at a value or 250 degrees F. during the test. The control employed was identical in every respect with the treated cord, except that it was not treated. From the table, it will be apparent that cords which have been treated are materially higher in tensile strength both at elevated temperatures and at ordinary or normal temperatures. In some cases, this increase amounts to as much as 30 percent to 40 percent at temperatures of 250 degrees. This increase is very advantageous in case the cords are employed in bus tires or simular tires of large size which are run at relatively high speeds.

It will be apparent that my invention is not limited to cords employed in pneumatic tires. It may be used in connection with substantially any cotton fabric which is exposed to relatively high temperatures, one particular application being in connection with fabric employed in the manufacture of hoseused to convey heated liquids. It is also to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific compounds disclosed herein. All phenols, acids and aldehydes tested have been found to be effective to some extent, from which it appears probable that all such compounds exhibit properties of the kind described. In the claims hereof, these substances are referred to generically as acidic materials.

This application is a continuation in part of my prior application Serial No. 520,173, flied March 4, 1931, for Prevention of deterioration of cotton cord by heat now abandoned. Although I have described only the preferrred forms which the invention may assume. it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not limited thereto, but that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims. It is intended that the patent shall cover, by suitable expression in the appended claims, whatever features of patentable novelty reside in the invention.

What I claim is:

- 1. A cotton cord treated with gallic acid, which treated cord has the same general appearance and feels substantially the same as an untreated cotton cord and has greater tensile strength at 250 F. than the untreated cord at the same temperature.

2. The method of preserving the tensile strength of cotton cord under conditions of heat which comprises applying gallic acid thereto, whereby without substantial chemical action on the cotton of the cord, the cord is made to have greater tensile strength at 250 F. than the un-' treated cord at the same temperature.

LORIN B. SEBRELL. 

